Effectiveness of the interventions against workplace violence suffered by health and support professionals: A meta-analysis. / Efetividade das intervenções contra violência no trabalho sofrida por profissionais de saúde e apoio: metanálise.

OBJECTIVE: to assess the effectiveness of the interventions targeted at preventing and reducing the workplace violence suffered by health and support professionals. METHOD: a systematic review with meta-analysis conducted in eight databases and in the gray literature. Risk of bias was assessed by means of the Cochrane tools and certainty of the evidence, through Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation. The analysis was performed in a descriptive manner and through the meta-analysis, including a heterogeneity assessment. RESULTS: a total of 11 randomized and quasi-randomized studies were eligible, of which six (54.5%) implemented individual skills, four used a multiple approach (36.4%) and one (9.1%) resorted to governmental actions. Four studies (36.4%) exerted a positive and significant effect on reducing violence. Risk of bias was classified as high or uncertain. The meta-analysis was performed with two studies that tested individual skill (intervention group) versus individual skill (comparator group), although there was no scientific evidence (95% CI: -0.41 - 0.25, p=0.64) for the violence prevention/reduction outcome. CONCLUSION: this review did not obtain a high level of evidence in the prevention or reduction of workplace violence. The reduced number of randomized trials, the lack of studies with low risk of bias and the high consistency may have been factors that hindered recommending effective interventions.

Efetividade das intervenções contra violência no trabalho sofrida por profissionais de saúde e apoio: metanálise / Effectiveness of the interventions against workplace violence suffered by health and support professionals: A meta-analysis / Efectividad de las intervenciones contra la violencia laboral que sufren los profesionales de la salud y de apoyo: metanálisis

Resumo Objetivo: avaliar a efetividade das intervenções direcionadas à prevenção e redução da violência no trabalho sofrida por profissionais de saúde e apoio. Método: revisão sistemática com metanálise realizada em oito bases de dados e na literatura cinzenta. O risco de viés foi realizado por meio das ferramentas da Cochrane e a certeza da evidência pelo Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation. A análise foi realizada de forma descritiva e pela metanálise, incluindo avaliação da heterogeneidade. Resultados: 11 estudos aleatorizados e quasi-aleatorizados foram elegíveis, dos quais seis estudos (54,5%) implementaram habilidades individuais, quatro multiabordagem (36,4%) e um (9,1%) ações governamentais. Quatro estudos (36,4%) tiveram efeito positivo e significativo na redução da violência. O risco de viés foi classificado como alto ou incerto. A metanálise foi realizada com dois estudos que testaram habilidade individual (grupo intervenção) versus habilidade individual (grupo comparador), porém não houve evidência científica (IC 95%: -0,41 a 0,25, p=0,64) para o desfecho prevenção/redução da violência. Conclusão: esta revisão não obteve alta evidência na prevenção ou redução da violência no trabalho. O número reduzido de ensaios aleatorizados, a falta de estudos com baixo risco de viés e a alta consistência podem ter sido fatores dificultadores para recomendar intervenções efetivas.

Abstract Objective: to assess the effectiveness of the interventions targeted at preventing and reducing the workplace violence suffered by health and support professionals. Method: a systematic review with meta-analysis conducted in eight databases and in the gray literature. Risk of bias was assessed by means of the Cochrane tools and certainty of the evidence, through Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation. The analysis was performed in a descriptive manner and through the meta-analysis, including a heterogeneity assessment. Results: a total of 11 randomized and quasi-randomized studies were eligible, of which six (54.5%) implemented individual skills, four used a multiple approach (36.4%) and one (9.1%) resorted to governmental actions. Four studies (36.4%) exerted a positive and significant effect on reducing violence. Risk of bias was classified as high or uncertain. The meta-analysis was performed with two studies that tested individual skill (intervention group) versus individual skill (comparator group), although there was no scientific evidence (95% CI: -0.41 - 0.25, p=0.64) for the violence prevention/reduction outcome. Conclusion: this review did not obtain a high level of evidence in the prevention or reduction of workplace violence. The reduced number of randomized trials, the lack of studies with low risk of bias and the high consistency may have been factors that hindered recommending effective interventions.

Resumen Objetivo: evaluar la efectividad de las intervenciones dirigidas a prevenir y reducir la violencia laboral que sufren los profesionales de la salud y de apoyo. Método: revisión sistemática con metanálisis realizada en ocho bases de datos y en la literatura gris. El riesgo de sesgo se evaluó mediante herramientas Cochrane y la certeza de la evidencia mediante el Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation. El análisis se realizó de forma descriptiva y por metanálisis, e incluyó la evaluación de la heterogeneidad. Resultados: fueron elegibles 11 estudios aleatorios y cuasialeatorios, de los cuales seis estudios (54,5%) implementaron habilidades individuales, cuatro multienfoque (36,4%) y uno (9,1%) acciones gubernamentales. Cuatro estudios (36,4%) tuvieron un efecto positivo y significativo en la reducción de la violencia. El riesgo de sesgo se clasificó como alto o incierto. El metanálisis se realizó con dos estudios que evaluaron la capacidad individual (grupo de intervención) versus la capacidad individual (grupo de comparación), pero no se encontró evidencia científica (IC del 95 %: -0,41 a 0,25, p = 0,64) para el resultado prevención/reducción de la violencia. Conclusión: esta revisión no obtuvo alta evidencia sobre la prevención o reducción de la violencia laboral. El número reducido de ensayos aleatorios, la falta de estudios con bajo riesgo de sesgo y la alta consistencia pueden haber sido factores que dificultaron la recomendación de intervenciones efectivas.

Efeitos da pandemia da covid-19 sob os profissionais de saúde: protocolo de revisão sistemática / Effects of the covid-19 pandemic on health professionals: a systematic review protocol / Efectos de la pandemia de covid-19 en los profesionales de la salud: protocolo de revisión sistemática

OBJETIVO: analisar a prevalência de transtornos mentais comuns e sinais e sintomas físicos ocasionados aos profissionais de saúde que prestaram assistência direta a pacientes infectados pelo SARS-CoV-2 entre os anos de 2019 a 2021 nos serviços de saúde. MÉTODO: revisão sistemática da literatura onde serão incluídos estudos observacionais que abordem os transtornos mentais comuns e sinais e sintomas físicos ocasionados aos profissionais de saúde que prestaram assistência direta à pacientes infectados pelo SARS-CoV-2 nos anos de 2019 a 2021. As buscas serão realizadas em bases de dados abrangentes, sem restrição de idiomas. Serão seguidos todos os passos metodológicos preconizados para as revisões sistemáticas. RESULTADOS: espera-se identificar estudos que apontem a prevalência de transtornos mentais comuns e sinais e sintomas mentais físicos apresentados por profissionais de saúde que prestaram assistência direta à pacientes infectados SARS-CoV-2. CONCLUSÃO: este estudo encontra-se em andamento e o protocolo está aprovado na PROSPERO sob o número CRD42020213686.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the prevalence of common mental disorders and physical signs and symptoms in health professionals who provided direct care to patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in the health services between 2019 and 2021. METHOD: a systematic literature review which will include observational studies that address common mental disorders and physical signs and symptoms in health professionals who provided direct care to patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 from 2019 to 2021. The searches will be carried out in comprehensive databases, with no language restrictions. All the methodological steps recommended for systematic reviews will be followed. RESULTS: it is expected to identify studies that point out the prevalence of common mental disorders and physical mental signs and symptoms presented by health professionals who provided direct care to patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. CONCLUSION: this study is ongoing and the protocol is approved by PROSPERO under number CRD42020213686.

OBJETIVO: analizar la prevalencia de trastornos mentales comunes y signos y síntomas físicos padecidos por los profesionales de la salud que brindaron atención directa a pacientes infectados por SARS-CoV-2 entre 2019 y 2021 en los servicios de salud. MÉTODO: revisión sistemática de la literatura que incluirá estudios observacionales que aborden los trastornos mentales comunes y los signos y síntomas físicos padecidos por los profesionales de la salud que brindaron atención directa a los pacientes infectados por SARS-CoV-2 entre 2019 y 2021. La búsqueda se realizará en bases de datos completas, sin restricciones de idioma. Se seguirán todos los pasos metodológicos recomendados para las revisiones sistemáticas. RESULTADOS: se espera identificar estudios que apunten a la prevalencia de trastornos mentales comunes y signos y síntomas físicos mentales presentados por profesionales de la salud que brindaron atención directa a pacientes infectados con SARS-CoV-2. CONCLUSIÓN: este estudio está en curso y el protocolo está aprobado en PROSPERO con el número CRD42020213686.

Workplace violence among nursing professionals.

INTRODUCTION: The frequency of workplace violence has increased significantly across several countries, with short- and long-term effects on workers' health. Within the health care sector, nursing professionals are the most exposed to workplace violence, since they provide direct assistance to patients on a 24-hour basis. OBJECTIVES: To identify the types of occupational violence experienced by nursing professionals. METHODS: This was a descriptive, quantitative study of 55 nursing professionals in the emergency unit of a public hospital. Data were collected between April and June 2018 through the Questionnaire for Workplace Violence Experienced or Witnessed by Nursing Professionals. Categorical variables were presented as frequencies and percentages, while continuous variables were described using measures of central tendency and dispersion. RESULTS: A total of 49 (88.9%) participants had experienced workplace violence, with 21 (38%) suffering verbal abuse; 14 (25.4%) experiencing mobbing; 6 (11%) reporting physical violence; 5 (9.1%) suffering sexual harassment; and 3 (5.4%) reporting racial discrimination. Furthermore, 44 (90%) of these individuals reported that the incidents of violence could have been prevented. CONCLUSIONS: The types of violence observed included physical aggression, verbal abuse, sexual harassment and racial discrimination, with verbal abuse being the most commonly reported. These acts were perpetrated by patients and their families, as well as colleagues and supervisors. Violence prevention strategies should be implemented in institutions in order to provide a safe working environment.

Effectiveness of interventions for the prevention of occupational violence against professionals in health services: a protocol for a systematic review.

INTRODUCTION: Occupational violence affects several categories of workers; however, the health sector category has been considered at a high risk, exposing workers to physical and psychological abuse. Thus, occupational violence has decreased the quality of care in health service. This review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions for the prevention and reduction of occupational violence against health professionals. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This protocol is consistent with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols. Searches will be conducted in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, LILACS, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL and LIVIVO along with a comprehensive review of grey literature. The search will be conducted on August 1 st 2020, without language and time restrictions. Following the eligibility criteria, two independent reviewers will select the titles and abstracts and subsequently screen the full articles. If necessary, a third reviewer will assess any disagreements. All references will be imported into EndNote, and any duplicates will be removed. The data will be extracted using an extraction-based form from Cochrane. Statistical analyses will be performed using the software Cochrane Review Manager, and a meta-analysis will be performed if possible for the statistical combination of at least two studies. The risk of bias of the randomised clinical trials will be evaluated by the Risk of Bias tool from Cochrane, and the risk of bias of the non-randomised intervention studies will be evaluated using the Downs and Black scale. The quality of the evidence and strength of the classification recommendations will be assessed by the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This review will not evaluate individual patient information and therefore does not require ethical approval. The results will be disseminated through publications in peer-reviewed journals, presentations at conferences and the doctoral thesis of the leading author. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42018111383.

Violência laboral: percepções de professores quanto às medidas de enfrentamento / Work violence: teachers 'perceptions in relation to coping measures

Objetivo: conhecer a percepção dos professores dos Ensinos Fundamental e Médio sobre as medidas para se evitar a violência em salas de aula. Método: trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, descritivo, com docentes dos Ensinos Fundamental e Médio de duas escolas da rede pública. Coletaram-se os dados por meio de entrevistas em áudio gravadas, e, para a análise, adotou-se a técnica de Análise de Conteúdo na modalidade Análise Temática. Resultados: registra-se que a maioria dos docentes era do sexo feminino (n=24; 77,42%) e estava na faixa etária dos 31 aos 40 anos de idade (35,48%). Revela-se, em relação à escolaridade (54,84%), que tinham titulação de especialista Lato sensu. Constituiu-se, a partir das falas, uma categoria temática, << Percebendo as formas de proteção contra a violência sofrida pelo professor >>, subdividida por cinco subcategorias. Conclusão: percebeu-se que as medidas para a diminuição da violência na percepção dos professores incluem a legislação rigorosa e a punição dos agressores, a diminuição do número de alunos nas salas de aula, a valorização do trabalho docente e as redes de apoio ao professor, a presença de profissionais de segurança no âmbito escolar, a criação de espaços de diálogos e o apoio de psicólogos.(AU)

Objective: to know the perception of teachers of elementary and high schools about measures to avoid violence in classrooms. Method: this is a qualitative, descriptive study, with teachers from elementary and high schools in two public schools. Data was collected through recorded audio interviews, and for the analysis, the Content Analysis technique was adopted in the Thematic Analysis modality. Results: it is registered that the majority of teachers were female (n = 24; 77.42%) and were in the age group from 31 to 40 years old (35.48%). It is revealed, in relation to education (54.84%), that they had the title of specialist Lato sensu. Based on the speeches, a thematic category was constituted, << Perceiving the forms of protection against the violence suffered by the teacher >>, subdivided into five subcategories. Conclusion: it was noticed that measures to reduce violence in the perception of teachers include strict legislation and the punishment of aggressors, the decrease in the number of students in classrooms, the appreciation of teaching work and teacher support networks , the presence of security professionals in the school environment, the creation of spaces for dialogues and the support of psychologists.(AU)

Objetivo: conocer la percepción de los docentes de las escuelas primarias y secundarias sobre las medidas para evitar la violencia en las aulas de clase. Método: este es un estudio cualitativo, descriptivo, con maestros de escuelas primarias y secundarias en dos escuelas públicas. Los datos se recopilaron a través de entrevistas de audio grabadas, y para el análisis, se adoptó la técnica de Análisis de Contenido en la modalidad de Análisis Temático. Resultados: se registra que la mayoría de los docentes eran mujeres (n = 24; 77.42%) y pertenecían al grupo de edad de 31 a 40 años (35.48%). Se revela, en relación con la educación (54.84%), que tenían el título de especialista Lato sensu. Sobre la base de los discursos, se constituyó una categoría temática, <>, subdividida en cinco subcategorías. Conclusión: se observó que las medidas para reducir la violencia en la percepción de los docentes incluyen una legislación estricta y el castigo de los agresores, la disminución del número de estudiantes en las aulas, la apreciación del trabajo docente y las redes de apoyo docente, la presencia de profesionales de la seguridad en el entorno escolar, la creación de espacios de diálogo y el apoyo de psicólogos.(AU)

Sentimentos de trabalhadores de limpeza de um hospital escola / Sentimientos de trabajadores de limpieza de unhospital de enseñanza / Feelings of workers of the cleaning staff of a teaching hospital

RESUMO OBJETIVO: descrever os sentimentos de prazer e sofrimento de trabalhadores de limpeza em ambiente de trabalho de um hospital escola. METODOLOGIA: estudo descritivo-exploratório de abordagem qualitativa, realizado com 24 trabalhadores de limpeza de um hospital escola do Paraná. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevista semiestruturada, no período de abril a julho de 2016 e os depoimentos foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo. Adotou-se como pressuposto teórico a psicodinâmica do trabalho Dejouriana. RESULTADOS: identificou-se a dualidade de sentimentos prazer e sofrimento. As vivências de prazer estiveram relacionadas ao trabalho em equipe e à valorização e reconhecimento profissional. Por outro lado, as vivências de sofrimento relacionaram-se à falta de reconhecimento e ao preconceito. Conclusão: conclui-se que os gestores, em conjunto com esses trabalhadores, necessitam buscar ações para diminuir os sentimentos de sofrimento e maximizar as de prazer, promovendo a saúde deles.

RESUMEN OBJETIVO: describir los sentimientos de placer y de sufrimiento de trabajadores de limpieza en ambiente laboral de un hospital de enseñanza. METODOLOGÍA: estudio descriptivo y exploratorio de abordaje cualitativo que se realizó con 24 trabajadores de limpieza de un hospital de enseñanza de Paraná. Se obtuvieron los datos por medio de entrevista semi estructurada, en el periodo de abril a julio de 2016 y se sometieron los testimonios al análisis de contenido. Se adoptó como presupuesto teórico la psicodinámica del trabajo de Dejours. RESULTADOS: se identificó la dualidad de sentimientos placer y sufrimiento. Las experiencias de placer se relacionaron al trabajo en equipo y a la valoración y al reconocimiento profesional. En cambio, las vivencias de sufrimiento se asociaron a la falta de reconocimiento y al prejuicio. Conclusión: se concluye que los gestores, en asociación con esos trabajadores, necesitan buscar acciones para disminuir los sentimientos de sufrimiento y maximizar los de placer, promoviendo la salud de ellos.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To describe the feelings of pleasure and suffering of workers of the cleaning staff of a teaching hospital. METHODOLOGY: Descriptive and exploratory study, with a qualitative approach, with 24 cleaning workers of a teaching hospital in the state of Paraná. Data collection was performed through semi-structured interviews from April to July 2016 and the statements were submitted to content analysis. The theoretical assumption was psychodynamics of work with the use of Dejourian methodology. RESULTS: The duality of pleasure and suffering was identified. The experiences of pleasure were related to teamwork and professional valuation and recognition. On the other hand, the experiences of suffering were related to lack of recognition and prejudice. Conclusion: It is concluded that both the managers and cleaners should implement actions to mitigate the feelings of suffering and maximize the experiences of pleasure, promoting the health of these workers.

Hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos: correlação entre Tempo de uso do eletrocautério e tempo cirúrgico* / Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: correlation between the time of lectrocautery use and surgical time / Hidrocarburos policíclicos aromáticos: correlación entre tiempo de uso del electrocauterio y tiempo quirúrgico

Objetivou-se identificar concentrações de hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos provenientes da fumaça do eletrocautério nas salas operatórias, correlacionando estas concentrações com o tempo de uso do eletrocautério e cirúrgico. Trata-se de um estudo de campo, transversal e quantitativo, realizado em 50 atos cirúrgicos do aparelho digestivo, entre abril e julho de 2015, em hospital universitário no estado do Paraná. Foram coletados hidrocarbonetos por meio de uma bomba de sucção e determinados por cromatografia liquida. Estes compostos foram encontrados com média de 0,0058 mg.m-³ e mediana de 0,0049 mg.m-³. O tempo médio cirúrgico e de uso do eletrocautério foram de 136 minutos e 220,5 segundos, respectivamente. O teste de correlação de Spearman foi de -0,512 entre as variáveis concentrações e tempo cirúrgico e de -0,183 entre as concentrações e tempo de uso do eletrocautério. Conclui-se que existem hidrocarbonetos e há baixa correlação entre a produção destes compostos e tempo de uso do eletrocautério (AU).

The objective was to identify concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons produced by electrocautery smoke in operating rooms, correlating these concentrations with time of electrocautery and surgical use. This is a cross-sectional and quantitative field study carried out in 50 gastrointestinal surgical procedures, between April and July 2015, in a university hospital in the state of Paraná. Hydrocarbons were collected using a suction pump and measurements were determined through liquid chromatography. These compounds were found to have an average of 0.0058 mg.m-3 and a mean of 0.0049 mg.m-3. The mean surgical time and electrocautery use were 136 minutes and 220.5 seconds, respectively. The Spearman correlation test was -0.512 between concentration variables and surgical time, and -0.183 between the concentrations and electrocautery use. The conclusion was the presence of hydrocarbons and a low correlation between the production of these compounds and the electrocautery usage time (AU).

Se objetivó identificar concentraciones de hidrocarburos policíclicos aromáticos derivados del humo del electrocauterio en quirófanos, correlacionando las concentraciones con el tiempo de uso del electrocauterio y quirúrgico. Estudio de campo, transversal, cuantitativo, realizado en 50 actos quirúrgicos del aparato digestivo, entre abril y julio de 2015, en hospital universitario del estado de Paraná. Fueron recolectados hidrocarburos mediante una bomba de succión, y determinados por cromatografía líquida. Los compuestos fueron encontrados con promedio de 0,0058 mg.m3 y mediana de 0,0049 mg.m3. El tiempo promedio quirúrgico y de uso del electrocauterio fue de 136 minutos y 220,5 segundos respectivamente. El test de correlación de Spearman fue de -0,512 entre variables concentraciones y tiempo quirúrgico, y de -0,183 entre las concentraciones y tiempo de uso del electrocauterio. Se concluye en que existen hidrocarburos y hay baja correlación entre la producción de tales compuestos y tiempo de uso del electrocauterio (AU).